Indonesia grapples with a persistent legacy of mass human rights violations and unresolved conflicts, including the 1965–66 massacres, military operations in Aceh and Papua, and the displacement of Timorese children during the occupation of Timor-Leste. Impunity remains deeply entrenched, compounded by contemporary rights violations by security forces, militarization, the shrinking of civic space, and corporate exploitation of natural resources detrimental to indigenous communities and the environment.

Nearly three decades post-reformasi, democratic backsliding jeopardizes past achievements. Legal and institutional reforms intended for accountability have been undermined by corruption, weak vetting, and political elites unwilling to address historical abuses. All trials for crimes against humanity have resulted in acquittals. A 2004 truth and reconciliation commission law was annulled two years later, and promises for local truth commissions in Papua (2001) and Aceh (2006) remain largely unfulfilled due to inadequate political support from the national government. While the TRC in Papua has not yet been established, the Aceh TRC report recommendations released in 2023 have not been responded to. 

Under an increasingly authoritarian administration, victims face aging, poverty, and neglect, while new generations encounter repression, polarization, and environmental devastation. Expanding military involvement in civilian life, censorship, suppression of protest, civil disobedience, and restrictions on the press signify a deepening democratic crisis.

Despite these challenges, AJAR collaborates with civil society, youth groups, and networks in Indonesia to foster mutual learning and critically examine the ”missing link” between past impunity and ongoing national challenges. Our comprehensive approach integrates accountability, memory, healing, and intergenerational solidarity. AJAR programs in Indonesia range from support for the Aceh TRC, providing tools for youth at the community level across Indonesia, advocacy and assistance to Timorese stolen children who were involuntarily brought to Indonesia during the occupation, and continuing its support to current transitional justice efforts and community-based initiatives with survivors in Indonesia.

Priority Issues

The Indonesian military invasion of Timor-Leste since 1975 heralded 24 years of violent suppression against the pro-independence movement, causing an estimated 200,000 deaths. During this period, thousands of Timorese children were taken to Indonesia, often placed with military families or in religious boarding schools. For decades, many Timorese families mourned children they believed had died. With the cooperation of the governments of Timor-Leste and Indonesia, AJAR continues to trace these “stolen children,” identify them, and support family reunifications.
The Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), established in 2016 as Indonesia’s first official truth mechanism, has achieved significant progress in documenting violations. However, justice for victims of the conflict between Indonesia’s military forces (TNI) and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) remains unfufilled. Victims and survivors continue to await tangible reparations and official acknowledgment. A majority of survivors persist in facing poverty, trauma, and marginalization, while government’s commitment to implementing the TRC’s recommendations, based on its 2023 findings report, remains uncertain.
Nearly three decades after reformasi, Indonesia continues to struggle with accountability for past human rights violations. The failure to address atrocities, including the 1965–66 massacres, military abuses in Aceh and Papua, and violence against minority groups, has entrenched impunity. This pervasive impunity contributes to democratic regression, marked by censorship, repression of dissent, and weakening of institutions for justice. In collaboration with local CSOs, AJAR has fostered intergenerational learning spaces and training initiatives that help communities identifying root causes of conflict, examine the persistence of impunity, and strengthen solidarity for change.
Indigenous and local communities across Indonesia, particularly in Papua, continue to face land grabbing, deforestation, and environmental degradation. These challenges are compounded by long-standing racism and structural inequalities. Using participatory research, AJAR documents the struggles and resilience of indigenous women and communities in defending their rights and livelihoods. Through knowledge sharing and community empowerment, AJAR promotes sustainable livelihoods and local leadership in the pursuit of justice and dignity.

Highlights of Programmes in the Past Year

Strengthening the Work of the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Aceh TRC)

AJAR provided sustained technical assistance to the Aceh TRC, ensuring that victims’ voices remain central to its work. AJAR supported the dissemination of the TRC’s final report and advocated for the implementation of its reparation recommendations. In 2025, marking 20 years since the Aceh Peace Agreement, AJAR highlighted lessons from Aceh on truth, reparation, and peacebuilding for the broader Indonesian context. Through community-based documentation and initiatives, AJAR also strengthened local partners and women survivor groups to advocate for their rights and achieve economic empowerment through cooperatives.

 

Supporting Timorese Stolen Children and Family Reunifications

AJAR continued its long-term work to trace, identify, and reunite Timorese “stolen children” with their families. In partnership with survivor networks, AJAR facilitated cross-border dialogues, advocacy for state recognition, and psychosocial support to reconnect identities and restore family ties.

 

AJAR Fellowship: Unlearning Impunity and Fostering Intergenerational Dialogue

Through the AJAR Fellowship program, AJAR equips young people in more than 20 communities across Indonesia to challenge narratives of impunity. This initiative addresses the root causes of injustice, confronts contemporary issues of intolerance, discrimination, historical forgetting, trauma, and social stigma, and ultimately works towards communities free from violence.

 

Supporting Women’s Indigenous Livelihood in Papua

AJAR supports women, youth, and indigenous leaders to develop community-based documentation, healing, and protection models. This links environmental struggles to transitional justice by encompassing participatory action research, solidarity networks, and advocacy for bottom-up, culturally rooted development and climate justice.

 

Memory, Solidarity, and Advocacy with Victims’ Movements

In collaboration with the National Coalition for Truth and Justice (KKPK), AJAR supported victims’ groups to strengthen national advocacy for truth and reparations. The initiative built cross-regional networks and contributed to the creation of a regional hub for memory and justice learning.

 

Healing and Wellbeing for Women and Human Rights Defenders

Recognizing the psychological toll of long-term activism, AJAR facilitated retreats and wellbeing workshops across Indonesia. These spaces nurtured resilience, mutual care, and trauma healing among women survivors and defenders.

 

Preserving Historical Memory through Documentation

AJAR expanded its documentation of torture sites in Aceh and Pulau Buru, integrating survivor testimonies, archival materials, and youth-led digital storytelling to strengthen collective memory and advocacy for non-recurrence.

Resources

Peulara Damèe: A Plain Guide

The full Findings Report of the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation...

Tidak Ada Pemulihan tanpa Pengakuan

AJAR wrote this paper based on reflections from 18 survivors...

Dokumen Masukan atas Pembangunan Memorialisasi Rumoh Geudong

This document, authored by KontraS Aceh, PASKA Aceh, and AJAR,...

Mapping Commemorative Cultural Events, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned

Mapping Commemorative Cultural Events, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned

PEMETAAN-BUDAYA-ACARA-PERINGATAN-...-ACEH-INDONESIADownload

Learning from the Past for the Future Without Impunity

Learning from the Past for the Future Without Impunity

Asia Justice and Rights, KontraS Sulawesi, SKPHAM Sulteng, JPIT, CIS...